Qaybaha Gudaha ee Soo Celinta Calaamadaha Moobaylka

Maqaalkani waxa uu bixinayaa dulmar ku saabsan qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee gudaha ee soo noqnoqda signalka mobaylka. Soosaarayaal tiro yar ayaa u siida macaamiisha qaybaha gudaha ee soo celiyaashooda signalka. Dhab ahaantii, naqshadeynta iyo tayada qaybahan gudaha ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara waxqabadka guud ee gudahasoo celinta signalka mobilada.

Haddii aad jeclaan lahayd sharraxaad fudud oo ku saabsan sida uu u shaqeeyo soo-celinta signalka mobaylka,halkan ku dhufo.

Mabaadi'da Asaasiga ah ee Soo Celinta Calaamadaha Moobaylka

Sida ku cad jaantuska sare, mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee soo noqnoqda calaamadaha mobilada waa in la kordhiyo calaamadaha marxalado. Dib-u-celinta calaamadaha mobilada ee casriga ah ee suuqa waxay u baahan yihiin heerar badan oo faa'iido hooseeya si loo gaaro faa'iidada wax soo saarka ee la doonayo. Sidaa darteed, faa'iidada ku jirta jaantuska sare waxay ka dhigan tahay hal unug faa'iido oo keliya. Si loo gaaro faa'iidada ugu dambeysa, heerar badan oo xoojin ayaa loo baahan yahay.
Waa kuwan hordhaca cutubyada caadiga ah ee laga helay soo-celiyaha signalka mobaylka:

1. Module soo dhaweynta ishaarka

Qaabka soo dhaweynta ayaa mas'uul ka ah helitaanka calaamadaha dibadda, sida caadiga ah laga bilaabo saldhigyada ama anteenooyinka. Waxay qabataa calaamadaha raadiyaha ee ay gudbiso saldhigga saldhigga waxayna u beddeshaa calaamado koronto oo cod-weyneyuhu farsamayn karo. Qaabka soo dhaweynta caadi ahaan waxaa ka mid ah:

Shaandheeye: Kuwani waxay baabi'iyaan calaamadaha soo noqnoqda ee aan loo baahnayn waxayna sii hayaan xargaha soo noqnoqda ee calaamadaha wareega ee loo baahan yahay.

Cod-weyneeye dhawaqa qaylada (LNA): Tani waxay xoojisaa signalka soo socda ee daciifka ah iyada oo la yareynayo buuqa dheeraadka ah.

Qaybaha Gudaha-soo celinta signalka mobilada ee guriga

2. Module ka shaqaynta signalka

Cutubka habaynta calaamadaha ayaa kordhiya oo hagaajiya calaamada la helay. Guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah:

Modulator/Demodulator (Modem): Tani waxay beddeshaa oo dejisaa calaamada si loo hubiyo inay u hoggaansanto nidaamka isgaarsiinta caadiga ah.

Processor Digital Signal Processor (DSP): Waxa uu masuul ka yahay habaynta calaamadaha wax ku oolka ah iyo tayeynta, hagaajinta tayada calaamadaha iyo yaraynta faragelinta.

Xakamaynta Gain Atoomatiga ah (AGC): Waxay hagaajisaa faa'iidada calaamadda si loo hubiyo inay ku sii jirto heerarka ugu wanaagsan - ka fogaanshaha daciifnimada calaamadaha iyo xoojinta xad dhaafka ah ee sababi karta is-faragelin ama khalkhal gelisa aaladaha kale.

3. Module Amplification

Cod-weyneeye korantada (PA) waxa ay kordhisaa xoogga calaamada si ay u kordhiso baaxadda daboolida. Ka dib habaynta calaamadaha, cod-weyneyuhu wuxuu kor u qaadayaa calaamadda xoogga loo baahan yahay wuxuuna u gudbiyaa anteenada. Doorashada cod-weyneeye waxay ku xiran tahay awoodda loo baahan yahay iyo aagga daboolka. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn:

Amplifiers toosan: Kuwani waxay ilaaliyaan tayada iyo hufnaanta calaamadda iyada oo aan dhalanrog.
Amplifiers aan toos ahayn: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa xaalado gaar ah, sida caadiga ah daboolida aagga ballaaran, in kasta oo ay keeni karaan xoogaa qallooc ah.

4. Xakamaynta Jawaab celinta iyo Modulaha Kahortagga Faragelinta

Module Xakamaynta Jawaab-celinta: Marka cod-weyneeyeku gudbiyo signal aad u xooggan, waxay ku keeni kartaa jawaab-celin anteenada helaysa, taasoo horseedaysa faragelin. Qaybaha xakamaynta jawaab-celinta waxay caawiyaan baabi'inta faragelintan.

Go'doominta Module: Waxay ka hortagtaa faragelinta labada dhinac ee hesha iyo gudbinta calaamadaha, iyagoo hubinaya hawlgalka cod-weyneeye habboon.

Xakamaynta buuqa iyo filtarrada: Yaree faragelinta calaamadaha dibadda, hubinta in calaamaduhu ahaato mid nadiif ah oo xooggan.

5. Module Gudbinta signalka

Module Gudbinta: Qaybtani waxa ay u dirtaa signalka la farsameeyay ee la xoojiyay iyada oo la sii marinayo anteenada gudbinaysa aagga daboolka, isaga oo hubinaya in aaladaha mobiladu helaan signalka la xoojiyay.

Xakamaynta Awoodda Gudbinta: Waxa ay nidaamisaa awoodda gudbinta si ay uga hortagto kordhinta xad-dhaafka ah, taas oo keeni karta faragelin, ama kor-u-qaadis, taas oo keeni karta calaamado daciif ah.

Anteenada Jihada: Si aad u hesho daboolka calaamada diirada saaraya, anteenada jihada ayaa la isticmaali karaa halkii laga isticmaali lahaa mid jiho dhan ah, gaar ahaan daboolida aagga weyn ama kor u qaadista calaamadaha.

6. Module Supply Power

Unugga Bixinta Korontada: Waxay siisaa koronto deggan soo-celiyaha signallada, sida caadiga ah iyada oo loo marayo beddelaha AC-ilaa-DC, hubinta inay si hufan ugu shaqeyso xaaladaha korantada ee kala duwan.

Module Maareynta Korontada: Aaladaha dhamaadka-sare waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan sifooyinka maaraynta awooda si kor loogu qaado waxtarka tamarta loona dheereeyo cimriga aaladda.

7.Module Disipation Heat

Nidaamka qaboojinta: Soo-celinta calaamadaha waxay dhaliyaan kulayl inta lagu jiro hawlgalka, gaar ahaan cod-weyneyaasha iyo qaybaha kale ee awoodda sare leh. Nidaamka qaboojinta (sida weelka kulaylka ama marawaxadaha) ayaa caawiya ilaalinta heerkulka shaqada ee ugu fiican si looga hortago kulaylka iyo waxyeelada qalabka.

8. Koontaroolada iyo Tilmaamayaasha

Control Panel: Qaar ka mid ah soo-celiyeyaasha calaamadaha mobilada waxay la yimaadaan guddi bandhig oo u oggolaanaya isticmaaleyaasha inay hagaajiyaan jaangooyada, hagaajinta waxqabadka, oo ay la socdaan nidaamka.

Tilmaamayaasha LED: Nalalkani waxay muujinayaan heerka hawlgelinta qalabka, oo ay ku jiraan xoogga signalada, awoodda, iyo xaaladda hawlgalka, ka caawinta isticmaalayaasha inay go'aamiyaan haddii soo-celiyaha uu si sax ah u shaqeynayo.

9. Dekadaha isku xidhka

Dekadda Input: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku xirka anteenooyinka dibadda (tusaale, N-nooca ama xirayaasha nooca F).
Dekadda wax-soo-saarka: Isku xirka anteenooyinka gudaha ama u gudbinta calaamadaha aaladaha kale.
Dekadda Hagaajinta: Soo-celiyeyaasha qaarkood ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan dekedo lagu hagaajinayo faa'iidada iyo dejinta inta jeer.

10. Xiritaanka iyo Naqshadeynta Ilaalinta

Xerada soo noqnoqda waxay caadi ahaan ka samaysan tahay bir, taas oo ka caawisa gaashaanka faragelinta dibadda iyo ka hortagga faragelinta elektromagnetic (EMI). Aaladaha qaarkood waxa kale oo ay wataan meelo aan biyuhu lahayn, boorka celin karin, ama shoog celin si ay ugu adkaystaan ​​bay'adaha bannaanka ama adag.

Qaybaha Gudaha-soo celinta signalka mobilada ganacsiga

Calaamadaha mobilada ee soo noqnoqda ayaa kor u qaada calaamadaha iyada oo loo marayo shaqada isku dubaridka ah ee cutubyadan. Nidaamku wuxuu helaa oo uu xoojiyaa calaamadda ka hor inta aan loo gudbin calaamadda la xoojiyay aagga daboolka. Markaad dooranayso soo-celinta signalka mobaylka, waa muhiim inaad hubiso in xadhkaha soo noqnoqda, awooda, iyo kasbashada baahiyahaaga gaarka ah, gaar ahaan meelaha adag sida tunnel-yada ama qolalka hoose halkaas oo iska caabbinta faragelinta iyo awoodaha habaynta calaamadaha ay muhiim yihiin.

Sidaa darteed, doorashadasoo saaraha signalka mobilada lagu kalsoonaan karowaa furaha.lintratek, oo la aasaasay 2012, waxay leedahay in ka badan 13 sano oo waayo-aragnimo ah soo saarista calaamadaha soo noqnoqda - laga bilaabo degaanka ilaa qaybaha ganacsiga, oo ay ku jiraan soo celinta fiber optic iyo xarumaha baahinta tooska ah. Shirkaddu waxay soo saartaa qaybo tayo sare leh oo loogu talagalay alaabooyinkooda, iyagoo hubinaya waxqabad la isku halleyn karo.